Denier - Béla IV

Béla IV's reign was defined almost entirely by the Mongol invasion of 1241–42, which killed roughly half of Hungary's population and destroyed the kingdom's administrative infrastructure. The deniers issued across his long reign reflect this disruption — early and late emissions differ enough that attribution to specific phases of the reign remains contested among specialists, with the ÉH and Huszár catalogues not always in agreement on sequencing.

Following the Mongol withdrawal, Béla systematically rebuilt the realm by encouraging stone castle construction and resettling depopulated territories, funding much of this through reformed coinage policy.