Denier - Béla IV

Béla IV's long reign was defined almost entirely by the Mongol invasion of 1241–42, which destroyed an estimated half of Hungary's population and left the kingdom's administrative and monetary infrastructure in ruins. Coinage continued through the crisis, but output was severely disrupted as minting centers were abandoned or destroyed. The deniers of this reign are consequently scattered across a wide span of years with little documentary precision to assign them within it.

The multiple reference citations — ÉH, Huszár, Unger, and CAC — reflect decades of ongoing scholarly disagreement about sequencing within Béla IV's prolific but poorly differentiated issues.