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Denier - Béla IV
| Issuer | Hungary |
|---|---|
| Year | 1205-1235 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | A semicircular architectural element surmounted by a central tower flanked by two outward-facing heads in profile. Beneath the semicircle, an eight-rayed star occupies the lower field. The design is characteristic of the anonymous hammered coinage of medieval Hungary, rendered in a stylised, archaic manner typical of the Árpád period. |
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| Reverse script | Hebrew |
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| Additional information |
Béla IV's reign was defined less by his coinage than by the catastrophe that interrupted it — the Mongol invasion of 1241–42 devastated the Hungarian kingdom so thoroughly that Béla spent years afterward rebuilding towns, fortifications, and administrative infrastructure from near nothing. Deniers of this type circulated through both the pre- and post-invasion economy, making any given surviving example a quiet participant in one of medieval Europe's more dramatic ruptures.
The multiple reference concordances here — ÉH, Huszár, EK, and CAC — reflect decades of scholarly disagreement over precise attribution within Árpád-dynasty minor coinage.