Denier - Béla III

Béla III was the first Hungarian king to introduce a royal chancellery and written record-keeping, reforms made possible in part by the enormous wealth he accumulated — contemporary Byzantine and Western sources put his annual income above that of the French crown. That revenue base funded a dramatic expansion of royal coinage, and the denier series attributed to his reign is correspondingly prolific, surviving in quantities that reflect genuine heavy circulation across a reorganized administrative state.

The ÉH and H reference numbers reflect longstanding disagreement in Hungarian numismatic literature over attribution across the Árpád dynasty issues of this period, with some pieces shuffled between Béla III and his predecessors across successive catalog editions.