Denier - Béla II

Béla II's reign was defined almost immediately by the massacre at Arad in 1131, where his supporters blinded or killed dozens of nobles implicated in his own blinding as a child — an act of dynastic violence that shaped the political tenor of his entire rule. Coinage from this period reflects the fragmented minting conditions of twelfth-century Hungary, with dies cut inconsistently across multiple workshops and surviving specimens showing considerable variation in flan preparation and silver fineness.