| توضیحات روی سکه |
Central cross pattée enclosed within a beaded inner circle, the four angles of the cross each cantoned by small pellets (bezants), with three bezants visible in the surviving arrangement. A continuous Latin legend reading ARNVLFVS DVX surrounds the central design within a beaded outer border, the lettering exhibiting the characteristic angular uncial forms typical of Carolingian-era Bavarian coinage. The strike is irregular, as expected of hammered silver of this period, with some weakness at the periphery. |
| خط روی سکه |
وارد شوید برای مشاهده جزئیات |
| نوشتههای روی سکه |
وارد شوید برای مشاهده جزئیات |
| توضیحات پشت سکه |
A stylised two-tiered temple or church facade rendered in the Carolingian architectural tradition, comprising a triangular pediment surmounting a rectangular portico supported by columns, with a central pellet in the pediment. The moneyer's name and the mint city legend IWAVO CIVITAS AM (referring to the mint of Salzburg, ancient Iuvavum) are distributed around the edifice within a beaded border. The lettering is bold and angular, consistent with Bavarian Carolingian deniers of the early tenth century, with some crowding and irregularity attributable to the hammered technique. |
| خط پشت سکه |
وارد شوید برای مشاهده جزئیات |
| نوشتههای پشت سکه |
وارد شوید برای مشاهده جزئیات |
| لبه |
وارد شوید برای مشاهده جزئیات |
| ضرابخانه |
وارد شوید برای مشاهده جزئیات |
| تیراژ ضرب |
وارد شوید برای مشاهده جزئیات |
Arnulf I of Bavaria — "Arnulf the Bad" to his enemies, a epithet rooted in his seizure of church properties rather than any particular cruelty — ruled the duchy at a moment when Carolingian authority had effectively collapsed. This denier was struck during the three decades following the catastrophic Magyar raid of 907, in which a Bavarian army was annihilated at the Battle of Pressburg and Margrave Luitpold killed. The archbishopric of Salzburg's involvement in the coinage reflects Arnulf's pragmatic exploitation of ecclesiastical minting rights amid that political vacuum.