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Denier - Arnulf I Regensburg
| Issuer | Bavaria, Duchy of |
|---|---|
| Year | 907-937 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | 1.64 g |
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| Obverse description | Central field dominated by a bold cross pattée enclosed within a beaded inner circle, with a pellet or annulet in each of the four quadrants formed by the cross arms. The surrounding marginal legend reads ARNVLFVS DVX in retrograde or irregular Latin characters, distributed around the periphery. The die work is characteristic of early medieval Bavarian hammered coinage, with letters of uneven module and spacing typical of tenth-century workshop production. The flan is irregular in shape and shows evidence of hand-cutting prior to striking. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Central device consists of a stylized architectural or monogram motif, prominently featuring a triangular gable or pediment form above a horizontal stepped base element, evoking a church facade or a schematized representation of the city gate of Regensburg. The surrounding marginal legend reads REGINA CITAS OZI, a corrupted or abbreviated form of REGINACIVITAS (City of Regensburg), rendered in irregular hammered Latin capitals distributed unevenly around the coin's periphery. The overall style reflects the debased epigraphic conventions common to early tenth-century Bavarian deniers, with individual letters showing considerable variation in form and depth of strike. |
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| Reverse lettering | REGINA CITAS OZI |
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