Denier anonymous

Historical Context: This Denier anonymous, issued by the Bishopric of Toul between 1306 and 1309, falls within the episcopate of Otto de Granson (Othon de Grandson), who held the see from 1306 to 1309. Toul, a prince-bishopric within the Holy Roman Empire, maintained significant autonomy during this period, despite growing French influence in Lorraine. The issuance of coinage, even anonymous deniers, underscored the bishop’s temporal authority and feudal rights. This era saw a proliferation of local coinage, often of varying fineness and weight, serving regional economic needs amidst broader political shifts.

Artistry: The engraver of this specific anonymous denier remains unknown, a common characteristic for many medieval issues of this type and denomination. The stylistic school aligns with the regional Gothic numismatic tradition of early 14th-century Lorraine. Designs are typically functional rather than overtly artistic, featuring conventional motifs such as a central cross or simple geometric patterns, surrounded by abbreviated legends. Signatures of mint masters or engravers are exceedingly rare for such issues from the Bishopric of Toul, reflecting the practical and often decentralized nature of medieval minting operations.

Technical/Grading: Given the specifications of 0.55 grams and 13.7 millimeters, this silver denier is a small, thin issue. For optimal grading, key high-points include the legibility of the obverse and reverse legends, typically featuring the mint name (e.g., TULLUM or variations) and ecclesiastical symbols. A well-centered strike, rare for these often-crudely produced coins, would be highly desirable. Sharpness of the central cross or other primary devices, along with the definition of any surrounding annulets or pellets, is critical. Absence of significant flan cracks, irregular shape, or severe weakness in the strike would elevate its numismatic appeal and grade considerably.