Denier - Andrew II

Andrew II's reign was defined less by monetary policy than by the catastrophic land giveaways he himself called the "new institutions" — a systematic alienation of royal estates to the nobility that gutted crown revenues for generations. The deniers struck under his authority reflect a treasury under persistent stress, funding simultaneously the Fifth Crusade (which Andrew led briefly and ineffectively in 1217) and the domestic concessions that culminated in the Golden Bull of 1222, Hungary's rough equivalent of Magna Carta.

Striking quality across this type is notoriously inconsistent, a direct consequence of decentralized minting oversight as royal administrative control eroded.