Denier - Andrew II

Andrew II's reign was defined less by stable administration than by the 1222 Golden Bull — Hungary's constitutional charter, extracted by rebellious nobles who had watched the king alienate vast crown estates to favorites at a pace that genuinely alarmed the aristocracy. The deniers struck across his thirty-year reign consequently reflect a treasury under persistent strain, with silver content that fluctuates noticeably across die groups as the crown manipulated fineness to compensate for depleted reserves.

Andrew also led the Fifth Crusade's Hungarian contingent in 1217, an expensive and largely futile campaign that deepened the fiscal pressures already visible in the coinage.