Denier - Andrew II

Andrew II's reign was defined less by monetary policy than by the catastrophic giveaway of royal estates and revenues to his nobles — a ruinous generosity that culminated in the Golden Bull of 1222, Hungary's rough equivalent of Magna Carta, forced upon him by a baronage that had grown powerful precisely because he'd enriched them. The crown's fiscal position deteriorated so badly that Andrew farmed out mint operations, salt revenues, and toll rights to foreign financiers, including Jewish and Muslim administrators, which generated enough political backlash to become a specific grievance in the Bull itself.