Denier - Andrew II

Andrew II's reign was defined less by monetary policy than by the catastrophic generosity with which he alienated crown lands and revenues to his nobility — a process so ruinous that it culminated in the Golden Bull of 1222, Hungary's foundational constitutional charter, wrested from him by barons who had watched the royal treasury hollow out in real time. Coinage from this period reflects chronic fiscal pressure rather than any deliberate reform.

The thin fabric and low weight of this denier are consistent with a deliberate reduction in silver content that accelerated across Andrew's later years as the crown struggled to fund both domestic patronage and his long-deferred Crusade, finally undertaken in 1217.