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Denier - Andrew II
| Issuer | Hungary |
|---|---|
| Year | 1205-1235 |
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| Composition | Silver |
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| Obverse description | Central design composed of three parallel horizontal lines flanked on either side by a double cross; above the lines a dome-shaped ornamental arch, and below a crescent moon between two small pellets or circles. The composition is characteristic of the stylized, non-portrait coinage of the Hungarian Árpád dynasty. |
|---|---|
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| Mintage | ND (1205-1235) - - ND (1205-1235) - Bronze strike version - |
| Additional information |
Andrew II's reign was defined less by monetary policy than by the chaos surrounding it — his 1222 Golden Bull, extracted by rebellious nobles, functionally curtailed royal authority over land and taxation in ways that destabilized Hungarian coinage for decades. The deniers of this period are notably inconsistent in fabric, a direct consequence of royal revenues being pledged, leased, and effectively sold off to foreign creditors, including Jewish and Muslim financiers who administered the mint farms.
The multiple catalog references — ÉH, H, CNH, EK, and CAC all assigning distinct identifiers — reflect genuine scholarly disagreement over die groupings within this reign.