Denier - Andrew II

Andrew II's reign was defined less by monetary policy than by the chronic financial desperation that followed his disastrous Fifth Crusade participation and the enormous ransoms and gifts he dispensed to retain baronial loyalty. He famously alienated royal estates and revenues on such a scale that the Hungarian nobility forced the Golden Bull of 1222 upon him — the kingdom's foundational constitutional document, sometimes compared to Magna Carta, signed just seventeen years into this coin's issue window.

The thin fabric and low weight of these deniers reflects treasury strain rather than debasement in the classical sense. Multiple reference systems catalog this type precisely because die variety proliferation was substantial across the thirty-year reign.