The Merovingian coinage of this period was produced by a decentralized network of moneyers — many of them operating semi-autonomously under ecclesiastical or aristocratic authority rather than royal mandate — which is why attribution of individual pieces remains contentious centuries later. The "cf." qualification in the Belfort reference signals exactly this problem: the type aligns closely with a known classification but resists clean identification, likely due to die variation or an as-yet uncatalogued moneyer's mark.
The Merovingian coinage of this period was produced by a decentralized network of moneyers — many of them operating semi-autonomously under ecclesiastical or aristocratic authority rather than royal mandate — which is why attribution of individual pieces remains contentious centuries later. The "cf." qualification in the Belfort reference signals exactly this problem: the type aligns closely with a known classification but resists clean identification, likely due to die variation or an as-yet uncatalogued moneyer's mark.