Denier

The Bishopric of Basel held imperial minting rights granted by the Holy Roman Emperors, and the deniers produced under this authority circulated across the Upper Rhine region during a period when episcopal coinage frequently outpaced royal issues in local commerce. Basel's position at a major Rhine crossing made its mint economically significant well beyond the diocese itself.

The century-long date range reflects genuine attribution uncertainty rather than a continuous series — individual dies within this type are difficult to assign with precision, and the scholarship has not resolved finer sequencing.