Denga - Vasily I Dmitriyevich Pair of people / Arabic legend imitation

Vasily I inherited Moscow's minting apparatus from Dmitry Donskoy and continued the practice of imitating Tatar monetary forms as a deliberate political signal — the principality still operated within the orbit of the Golden Horde's economic system, and coins that mimicked Jochid script reassured Tatar overlords while circulating domestically. The pseudo-Arabic legends on these issues are not garbled translations but intentional non-text, meaningless phonetically, designed purely to look the part.

HP II#1376 falls within a bracket of types attributed to Vasily I's earlier reign, before Moscow's minting became more assertively Russianized following Tatar political fragmentation after 1405.