Denga - Vasily I Dmitriyevich Arabic legend imitation / Warrior right

Vasily I inherited a Muscovite coinage tradition built almost entirely on imitation — his father Dmitry Donskoy had introduced silver denga after Kulikovo partly by copying Tatar prototypes, and the practice continued well into the 15th century. The Arabic text on these pieces is not a functional inscription but a degraded pastiche of Golden Horde legends, retained because Muscovite minters lacked Arabic literacy and because the visual authority of Tatar script still carried weight in the commercial networks of the region.

HP II#1560 places this among the later attributions in the Vasily I sequence, during a period when Moscow's mint output was irregular and die-cutting remained a craft of wildly inconsistent execution.