Catalog
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| Issuer | Moscow Mint |
|---|---|
| Year | 1535-1547 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | A three-line Cyrillic inscription occupies the central field, preceded by a tilde-like ornamental mark above the text. The legend reads КНSЬ ВЕЛIКI IВАН, translating as 'Grand Duke Ivan', identifying the issuing ruler as Ivan IV. The lettering is rendered in the archaic semi-uncial Cyrillic script characteristic of mid-sixteenth century Muscovite monetary production. The flan edges are irregular, consistent with the wire-blank hammered technique employed for this denomination. |
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| Reverse lettering | КНSЬ ВЕЛIКI IВАН (Translation: Grand Duke Ivan) |
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| Additional information |
Ivan IV was still a child when this coin was struck — he would not assume personal rule until 1547. The denga circulating under his name during these years was effectively issued under the regency of his mother, Elena Glinskaya, who had already conducted a sweeping monetary reform in 1535 that standardized the Russian wire-cut coinage system and suppressed the clipped and counterfeit pieces flooding Muscovite markets. That reform is why this coin exists in its present form.