Denga - Ivan III

发行方	Moscow, Grand principality of
年份	1473-1485
类型	Standard circulation coin
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正面描述	登录以查看详情
正面文字	Cyrillic
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背面描述	The reverse bears a Cyrillic inscription filling the field across multiple lines, rendering the corrupted or stylized legend 'ORNISTOTELES' — a transliteration of the name Aristotle, widely believed to reference Aristotele Fioravanti, the Italian architect active at the Muscovite court of Ivan III. The letters are boldly struck in a rough, hand-engraved style characteristic of hammered wire-money coinage, distributed across the irregular triangular flan.
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附加信息	Ivan III's consolidation of Muscovite power during the 1470s and early 1480s coincided with the absorption of Novgorod — forcibly annexed in 1478 — and the formal end of tribute payments to the Golden Horde in 1480. Coinage from this window reflects a principality in rapid, sometimes violent transition toward what would become the Russian state. The denga denomination itself descended from Mongol monetary vocabulary, the word deriving from the Turkic "tenge." Zaitsev's attribution sequence places this type among the more precisely datable issues of Ivan's long reign, the 1473–1485 bracket distinguishing it from later Moscow production after Tver's annexation in 1485.

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