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Denarius - Vespasian IMP XIX

Issuer Roman Imperial Mint
Year 77-78
Type Standard circulation coin
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Reverse description A seated female figure, identified as Pax, is depicted facing left in a posture of mourning or subjugation, seated upon a pile of arms and military trophies including shields and helmets, symbolising the pacification of conquered peoples. The figure is draped and leans forward with one arm extended toward the trophy heap. The exergual legend IMP XIX appears in the lower field in raised Latin capitals, commemorating Vespasian's nineteenth imperatorial acclamation. The scene is enclosed within a beaded border and the composition reflects Flavian dynastic propaganda celebrating military victory.
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Reverse lettering IMP XIX
(Translation: Supreme commander for the 19th time.)
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Additional information

Vespasian's nineteenth imperatorial acclamation, recorded in the obverse legend, dates this issue precisely to 77–78 AD — a period when the emperor was consolidating Flavian dynastic claims and managing the enormous financial strain left by the civil wars of 69 AD. The fiscus Judaicus, the tax levied on Jews across the empire following the destruction of the Temple in 70 AD, was by this point a functioning revenue stream that helped stabilize imperial finances and fund the very mints producing coins like this one.

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