Denarius - Sauromates II

Sauromates II ruled the Bosporan Kingdom as a client king under Roman suzerainty, a relationship made explicit on his coinage — his issues bear both his own portrait and that of the reigning Roman emperor, a dual authority acknowledged in metal rather than merely diplomatic correspondence. The kingdom's mint at Panticapaeum produced these copper pieces for local circulation in a region Rome valued primarily for its grain exports to the capital and its role as a buffer against steppe peoples to the north.

By the late second century, Bosporan coinage had long since abandoned silver of any real fineness. What passes for electrum or billon in earlier reigns had degraded steadily; copper issues like this one reflect the mint's practical accommodation of that decline.