Denarius - Ptolemy Caesarea

Ptolemy of Mauretania was the last ruler of his dynasty — a client king whose grandfather was Mark Antony and whose grandmother was Cleopatra VII. That lineage made him simultaneously useful and dangerous to Rome. Caligula had him executed in 40 AD, reportedly over a dispute about precedence at the games, though ancient sources suggest the real motive was his considerable wealth and popularity. These denarii predate that end by only a few years, struck when the kingdom still functioned as an autonomous buffer state on Rome's African frontier.