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Denarius - Octavian CAESAR DIVI F, Pax
| Issuer | Roman Empire (27 BC - 395 AD) |
|---|---|
| Year | 32 BC - 29 BC |
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| Value | 1 Denarius |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Pax, draped and standing left, extends an olive branch in her right hand and holds a cornucopia in her left, embodying the promise of peace and abundance central to Octavian's political imagery of the period. The figure is rendered in flowing classical drapery with fine detail. The legend CAESAR DIVI F arcs around the field, identifying the issuer as Caesar, son of the deified Julius Caesar. The composition is framed within a beaded border typical of late Republican and early Imperial silver coinage. |
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| Reverse lettering | CAESAR DIVI F (Translation: Caesar, son of the divine) |
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| Additional information |
Struck in the years bracketing Actium, this issue belongs to a mobile military mint operating in the field — almost certainly traveling with Octavian's forces during the final campaigns against Antony and Cleopatra. The attribution to a specific mint location remains disputed; Crawford and subsequent scholars have argued for somewhere in the Greek east, though the precise site has never been fixed with confidence. These traveling mint issues were produced to pay troops, not for monetary administration in Rome, which explains the relatively coarse fabric seen across the type.
The dating window of 32–29 BC means surviving examples may have been struck before, during, or after Actium in September 31 BC — a three-year span that saw Rome transform from republic to autocracy.