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Denarius - Nero PONTIF MAX TR P VII COS IIII P P EX S C, Virtus
| Issuer | Roman Imperial Mint |
|---|---|
| Year | 60-61 |
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| Composition | Silver |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The personification of Virtus, helmeted and clad in military dress, stands facing left with right foot resting upon a helmet placed among arms and a shield on the ground. She holds a long spear in her left hand and a parazonium (short sword) in her right hand, resting it upon her right knee. The reverse legend PONTIF MAX TR P VII COS IIII P P EX S C is distributed around the figure in Latin capitals, referencing Nero's key constitutional titles and the senatorial authority for the issue. |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
This issue falls within Nero's early reign, before the catastrophic fire of 64 AD and the financial deterioration that followed. The EX S C inscription — "by decree of the Senate" — reflects a brief, politically functional relationship between Nero and that body, one that would not survive the decade. By the late 60s, senatorial authority over coinage had become largely ceremonial theater.
The silver content here predates Nero's deliberate debasement of the denarius, which began around 64 AD and reduced fineness noticeably by the time of his death in 68.