Denarius - Juba II Lion headdress, Capricorn

Juba II ruled Mauretania as a client king under Augustus and later Tiberius — educated in Rome, married to Cleopatra Selene II (daughter of Antony and Cleopatra), and arguably more scholar than sovereign. His coinage reflects a deliberate program of self-positioning within Roman cultural and religious frameworks, with imagery drawn from both his Numidian heritage and Roman imperial symbolism. The capricorn in particular was closely associated with Augustus, whose own coins and monuments deployed it repeatedly as a personal emblem tied to his horoscope.

The reference spread across CNNM, MAA, and Müller reflects longstanding cataloging disagreements over die linkages within this issue.