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Denarius - Hadrian TRANQVILLITAS AVG COS III P P, Tranquillitas
| Issuer | Roman Empire (27 BC - 395 AD) |
|---|---|
| Year | 129-130 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Reverse description | Standing figure of Tranquillitas, the personification of Tranquility, depicted facing front with head turned slightly to the left. She holds a long scepter or hasta in her right hand and a patera or cornucopiae in her left, attributes symbolizing peace and abundance. The figure is rendered in flowing robes in the classical style characteristic of Hadrianic reverse types. The surrounding legend TRANQVILLITAS AVG COS III P P is distributed around the periphery, referencing Hadrian's titles as Augustus, Consul for the third time (held from 119 AD), and Father of the Fatherland. A beaded border frames the reverse field. |
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| Reverse lettering | TRANQVILLITAS AVG COS III P P (Translation: Tranquillitas Augusti, Consul Tertium, Pater Patriae. Tranquility of the emperor (Augustus), consul for the third time, father of the nation.) |
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The TRANQVILLITAS AVG reverse type belongs to a programmatic series Hadrian issued around 129–130 AD, during or shortly after his second great tour of the eastern provinces. The concept of Tranquillitas — a kind of civic calm distinct from military peace — was a deliberate ideological choice, projecting stability at a moment when Hadrian was governing an empire increasingly defined by administration rather than conquest. He had famously abandoned Trajan's Parthian acquisitions within months of taking power, a decision that shocked the Senate and required sustained messaging to justify.
COS III places this firmly after 119 AD, when Hadrian entered his third consulship — a tenure he never renewed, making it a useful chronological anchor within the reign.