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Denarius - Domitian IMP XXII COS XVII CENS P P P, Minerva
| Issuer | Roman Imperial Mint |
|---|---|
| Year | 95-96 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Laureate bust of Emperor Domitian facing right, draped at the shoulder, rendered in the high-relief style characteristic of Flavian imperial portraiture. The emperor's effigy displays a prominent laurel wreath and strong facial features. The encircling legend runs clockwise around the obverse field, reading IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XV. |
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| Reverse description | Minerva, goddess of wisdom and war, depicted standing left in full figure, helmeted and clad in military dress, raising a thunderbolt in her right hand and holding a vertical spear in her left; a large round shield rests at her side. The goddess is rendered in the confident, classical style favored on Domitianic coinage, where Minerva served as the emperor's personal divine patron. The encircling reverse legend reads IMP XXII COS XVII CENS P P P. |
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| Additional information |
IMP XXII dates this coin to the final months of Domitian's reign, almost certainly 95–96 AD, just before his assassination in September 96. By this point his relationship with the Senate had collapsed entirely — the so-called "reign of terror" was in full effect, with senators executed on treason charges and Domitian ruling by decree rather than consensus. The Senate's response upon his death was damnatio memoriae: his name was struck from public inscriptions and his coins were sometimes deliberately defaced, making unaltered survivors like this one genuinely useful for die studies.