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Denarius - Domitian IMP XVII COS XIIII CENS P P P, Minerva
| Issuer | Roman Imperial Mint |
|---|---|
| Year | 88-89 |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Obverse lettering | IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII (Translation: Imperator Caesar Domitianus Augustus Germanicus, Pontifex Maximus, Tribunicia Potestate Octava. Supreme commander (Imperator), Caesar, Domitian, emperor (Augustus), conqueror of the Germans, high priest, holder of tribunician power for the eighth time.) |
| Reverse description | Minerva, the goddess of wisdom and war, stands facing left in a commanding martial pose. In her raised right hand she brandishes a thunderbolt, while her extended left hand grasps an upright spear. A large oval shield rests against her left side. The figure is rendered in the round with drapery falling from the waist, conveying the goddess's formidable character. The surrounding legend IMP XVII COS XIIII CENS P P P is distributed around the periphery in Latin capitals. |
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Domitian's censorial title CENS P P P — Censor Perpetuus — was assumed in 85 AD and represented an unprecedented grab at permanent moral authority over Roman public and private life. No emperor before him had claimed the censorship as a perpetual office; Augustus had held it twice, briefly. The addition to the coin legend marks this as a relatively late issue within Domitian's reign, after he had consolidated the autocratic trappings that would make his memory so toxic to the Senate following his assassination in 96 AD.
IMP XVII narrows the striking window with reasonable precision.