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| Issuer | Roman Imperial Mint |
|---|---|
| Year | 85 |
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| Currency | Denarius, Reform of Augustus (27 BC – AD 215) |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Minerva, goddess of wisdom and warfare, stands facing left in a martial pose at the centre of the field. She wears a crested helmet and is clad in military dress with aegis visible on her chest. In her raised right hand she brandishes a spear or javelin, while her left arm supports a large round shield resting on the ground beside her. A small owl, sacred to Minerva, stands at her feet to the right. The encircling legend IMP VIIII COS XI CENS POTES P P is distributed around the periphery within a beaded border. |
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| Mintage | ND (85) |
| Additional information |
Domitian's censorial titles, tracked obsessively on his coinage, allow these coins to be dated with unusual precision — the CENS POTES P P formula appearing here places this piece firmly in 85 AD, before he assumed the title Censor Perpetuus later that year. He held the censorship not as a temporary magistracy but as a permanent personal power, a constitutional innovation that alarmed the Senate precisely because the censor traditionally controlled membership of that body. The coinage essentially broadcast the threat.