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Denarius - Augustus VOT P SVSC PRO SAL ET RED I O M SACR, Mars

Issuer Roman Empire (27 BC - 395 AD)
Year 18 BC - 17 BC
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Value 1 Denarius
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Obverse lettering S P Q R IMP CAESARI
(Translation: Senatus Populusque Romanus Imperatori Caesari. The senate and the Roman people to supreme commander (Imperator) Caesar.)
Reverse description Mars, god of war, depicted standing to the left in a commanding martial pose, wearing a crested helmet and a military cloak (paludamentum). He holds a vexillum (military standard) upright in his right hand and rests a parazonium (short sword) over his left shoulder. The surrounding legend VOT P SVSC PRO SAL ET RED I O M SACR is distributed around the field in bold Latin capitals, commemorating public vows made for the safe return of Augustus. The composition is characteristic of the politically charged reverse types struck under Augustus to celebrate his return from the East in 19 BC.
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Additional information

This denarius belongs to the coinage struck to commemorate Augustus's return from the East in 19 BC, during which he recovered the legionary standards lost by Crassus at Carrhae in 53 BC and by Antony in subsequent Parthian campaigns — a diplomatic coup the regime promoted as a military triumph. The vow types of 18–17 BC were directly tied to the vota pro salute et reditu, prayers offered for the emperor's safety and return, formalized through senatorial decree.

RIC I 146 is among the more precisely datable issues of the Augustan series, anchored to a narrow political window before the secular games of 17 BC reshaped the mint's output entirely.

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