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| Issuer | Roman Empire (27 BC - 395 AD) |
|---|---|
| Year | 19 BC |
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| Currency | Denarius, Reform of Augustus (27 BC – AD 215) |
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| Obverse lettering | CAESAR AVGVSTVS (Translation: Caesar Augustus.) |
| Reverse description | Jupiter standing facing left within a hexastyle temple, depicted in full figure holding a thunderbolt in his extended right hand while leaning on a long sceptre with his left. The architectural setting shows the columns of the Capitoline temple rendered in perspective, framing the deity with formal symmetry. The abbreviated legend IOV TON appears in the field, referencing the epithet Iovi Tonanti — Jupiter the Thunderer — alluding to the vow made by Augustus after his near escape from lightning during the Cantabrian campaign. The reverse composition reflects the religious and propagandistic programme of Augustan coinage, linking the emperor's survival to divine favour. |
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| Reverse lettering | IOV TON (Translation: Iovi Tonans. Jupiter thundering.) |
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