Denar pieniądz - Casimir IV Jagielloń

Historical Context: This Denar, or *pieniądz*, issued during the reign of Casimir IV Jagielloń (Kazimieras Jogailaitis) as Grand Duke of Lithuania (1440-1492), represents a pivotal period for the Jagiellonian dynasty and the Grand Duchy. Casimir’s long rule saw the consolidation of Lithuanian power and influence, often in tandem with his later role as King of Poland (from 1447). This small silver denomination (0.39g, 15.1mm) was a workhorse coin, crucial for daily commerce in a vast, developing economy. Its consistent production reflects the state’s need for a stable, low-value currency to facilitate trade and taxation across its extensive territories, from the Baltic to the Black Sea.

Artistry: For denars of this era and region, individual engraver attribution is virtually non-existent; these coins were products of mint workshops rather than singular artistic endeavors. The stylistic school is broadly late-medieval Central and Eastern European, characterized by functional, often simplified designs. Motifs typically included dynastic symbols such as the Jagiellonian double cross, the Lithuanian Vytis (Pogoń), or crowned monograms, rendered with varying degrees of skill. Given the small flan and high production volume, intricate detail was not a priority, favoring recognizability over elaborate artistry. Signatures are not known for this issuer or coin type.

Technical/Grading: For this Denar (Kop#3118), key grading considerations include the clarity and completeness of the central motifs on both obverse and reverse, such as the Jagiellonian cross or the Vytis, which are often weakly struck or off-center. A strong, centered strike, though rare, significantly enhances desirability. Legibility of any abbreviated or blundered legends is also important. The small, often irregular flans are characteristic; a well-rounded flan with minimal edge damage is a premium. Surface condition, free from significant corrosion, deep scratches, or planchet flaws, combined with minimal wear on the highest points of the design, will define higher grades for this heavily circulated type.