Cruzado - João IV Évora mint

João IV came to power in 1640 when Portugal broke from sixty years of Iberian Union under the Spanish crown — the Restoration War that followed lasted until 1668, and the cruzado issues of his reign were struck under the constant fiscal pressure of financing that conflict. The Évora mint, inland in the Alentejo, was activated in part because Lisbon's capacity was strained and because Évora's position made it logistically useful during a period when Portuguese territorial control was genuinely contested.

The four Gomes varieties for this type reflect meaningful die differences documented by specialists, not merely minor collector distinctions.