Cruzado - João II Hybrid João II/Afonso V

Historical Context: This Cruzado, a pivotal gold coin, emerges from the early reign of João II (1481-1485), a period of significant transition after Afonso V. João II, "the Perfect Prince," swiftly consolidated royal power and intensified Portuguese maritime exploration. The "Hybrid João II/Afonso V" designation signifies coinage continuity, likely utilizing existing dies or design elements from the previous reign while incorporating new legends reflecting the new monarch's sovereignty. The Cruzado was vital for Portugal's burgeoning international trade and imperial ambitions.

Artistry: The artistic execution of this Cruzado adheres to late medieval Portuguese minting traditions, likely by anonymous master engravers at Lisbon or Porto. The design follows established heraldic principles. One side typically features the royal shield of Portugal (the "quinas"), often crowned. The reverse displays a cross, frequently that of the Order of Christ. The "hybrid" aspect likely manifests in a transitional legend or a specific cross variant carried over from Afonso V's coinage, subtly bridging the visual identities of the two reigns.

Technical/Grading: Key high-points for wear assessment on this Cruzado include the uppermost portions of the crown and individual escutcheons on the royal shield, plus the central elements and arms of the cross. Due to manual striking, technical strike quality varies. Collectors should assess legend completeness and clarity, strike depth, and overall centering. Minor flan irregularities, slight off-centering, and die clash are common, reflecting artisanal production processes of the late 15th century.