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Cruzado Calvario 'Pearly circle on rev.' - João III 2nd type, Lisboa
| Uitgever | Casa da Moeda de Lisboa |
|---|---|
| Jaar | 1538-1557 |
| Type | Log in om details te zien |
| Waarde | Log in om details te zien |
| Valuta | Log in om details te zien |
| Samenstelling | Log in om details te zien |
| Gewicht | Log in om details te zien |
| Diameter | 23 mm |
| Dikte | Log in om details te zien |
| Vorm | Log in om details te zien |
| Techniek | Log in om details te zien |
| Oriëntatie | Log in om details te zien |
| Graveur(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| In omloop tot | Log in om details te zien |
| Referentie(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving voorzijde | Crowned Portuguese royal arms displayed at center of the field, comprising the quintas shield charged with five roundels arranged in quincunx, each bearing five pellets, set within a bordure of castles. The crown above the shield is ornate and clearly rendered in relief. A circular Latin legend surrounds the central device, reading the king's royal titles, with a beaded inner border separating the legend from the central shield. The flan is irregular, characteristic of hammered gold coinage of the period. |
|---|---|
| Schrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Opschrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Schrift keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Opschrift keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Rand | Plain |
| Muntplaats | Log in om details te zien |
| Oplage | Log in om details te zien |
| Aanvullende informatie |
João III inherited a Portuguese empire at its territorial peak but faced chronic shortages of bullion as African and Asian trade routes grew expensive to maintain. The cruzado, introduced under Afonso V and named explicitly for the crusading cross motif, remained the backbone of Portuguese international trade payments well into the sixteenth century — accepted from Antwerp to Goa without significant discount.
The "pearly circle" reverse variety distinguishes this second Lisboa type within Gomes's classification, a die characteristic rather than a design revision, useful primarily for specialists separating the sequence of production across a reign that stretched nearly four decades.