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Cruzado Calvario - João III 2nd type, Lisboa
| Issuer | Portugal |
|---|---|
| Year | 1538-1557 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Central device comprises a crowned Portuguese royal shield bearing the quinas (five escutcheons in cross) and the bordure of castles, all within a beaded inner circle. The crown surmounting the shield is of the open royal type characteristic of Manueline and Joanine coinage. The circular Latin legend runs along the periphery within a beaded border, identifying the issuer as João III, King of Portugal. The flan is irregular in shape, consistent with hand-hammered gold coinage of the period. The overall style reflects the Lisbon mint's production of the second type Cruzado Calvário. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Reverse description | A prominent Cross of Calvary (Croix de Calvaire) occupies the central field, its stepped base clearly rendered, rising toward the upper portion of the flan. The cross is set within a beaded inner circle, with the circular Latin legend surrounding it referencing the Constantinian motto of conquest. The inscription alludes to the vision of Emperor Constantine and the phrase 'In hoc signo vinces' (In this sign thou shalt conquer), a device frequently employed on Portuguese crusading coinage. The hammered flan shows characteristic surface irregularity and slight weakness at the periphery. The design is bold and deeply struck at the center, consistent with Lisbon mint workmanship of the mid-sixteenth century. |
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