Cowrie Shell

正面描述	登录以查看详情
正面文字	登录以查看详情
正面铭文	登录以查看详情
背面描述	The dorsal face of the cowrie shell presents a smooth, ovoid, and convex surface with a pale ivory to cream coloration, showing natural surface markings and age-related patination. The shell's characteristic humped profile is visible, with no artificial modification, engraving, or inscription of any kind. The interior cavity, visible in cross-section, reveals the hollow columella structure typical of Monetaria moneta specimens used as proto-monetary instruments during the Shang Dynasty period.
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背面铭文	登录以查看详情
边缘	登录以查看详情
铸币厂	登录以查看详情
铸造量	ND (1766 BC - 1154 BC)
附加信息	Cowrie shells circulated as currency across much of Bronze Age China not by administrative decree but through organic trade adoption — their value rooted in scarcity, since Cypraea moneta and related species had to be imported from coastal regions far removed from the Shang heartland along the Yellow River. As the dynasty expanded and demand outpaced natural supply, the court began producing imitations in bone, bronze, and jade, a counterfeiting problem that was essentially state-sanctioned. Hartill's designation of this as 1.1 — the opening entry in the entire Chinese cash series — reflects its foundational position in the numismatic record, not a specific mint attribution.

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