Cornado - Carlos III

Historical Context: This Cornado was issued during the reign of Carlos III (Charles III of Spain), who also ruled as King of Navarre from 1759 to 1788. His era saw significant Enlightenment-inspired reforms to modernize and centralize the Spanish monarchy. While Navarre retained some traditional privileges, its coinage, including this low-denomination copper piece, firmly asserted royal authority. The Cornado served as essential small change for daily commerce, reflecting economic realities and the monarch's pervasive influence.

Artistry: The Cornado's design, typical for utilitarian copper coinage, likely originated from standard royal mint dies, not a renowned engraver. Stylistically, it aligns with the late Baroque transitioning into early Neoclassicism, characterized by a certain gravitas and formal simplicity. The obverse typically features a simplified bust or royal monogram of Carlos III, symbolizing the monarch's omnipresence. The reverse commonly displayed a crowned shield or denomination, reflecting Navarre's status within the Spanish realm.

Technical/Grading: Given its copper composition and low value, Cornados often exhibit variable strike quality. High-points for wear or strike weakness typically include the monarch's hair or crown on the obverse, and the crown atop the shield or armorial details on the reverse. Planchets were frequently irregular or imperfectly rounded, and striking pressure could be inconsistent, leading to areas of flatness, particularly on the periphery. Careful examination of these features is crucial for accurate grading.