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Copper Karshapana

发行方 Uncertain Indian mint
年份 500 BC - 200 BC
类型 Standard circulation coin
面值 登录 以查看详情
货币 登录 以查看详情
材质 登录 以查看详情
重量 登录 以查看详情
直径 登录 以查看详情
厚度 登录 以查看详情
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制作工艺 登录 以查看详情
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正面描述 Irregular square copper flan bearing multiple punch-marked devices applied in the characteristic ancient Indian technique. The obverse displays a cluster of punched symbols across the field, including what appears to be a central avian or zoomorphic motif flanked by additional subsidiary marks, all executed with individual punches pressed into the flat surface. The coin exhibits a dark brown to olive-green patina consistent with prolonged burial, with areas of malachite encrustation visible across the field. The flan edges are rough and irregular, typical of hand-cut copper planchets of the period. No legend or inscription is present, the iconography being conveyed entirely through symbolic punch marks.
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正面铭文 登录 以查看详情
背面描述 The reverse presents a comparatively plain, slightly granular copper surface with minimal working, consistent with the typical unfinished reverse treatment of punch-marked coinage of this period. A single punch-marked symbol is visible near the centre of the field, appearing as a crescent or lunate motif accompanied by a small subsidiary device, lightly impressed into the flan. The surface retains a dark grey to greenish patina with scattered areas of cuprite and malachite oxidation. The edges remain rough and unfinished, reflecting the hand-cut nature of the planchet. No inscriptions or legends are present on this face.
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背面铭文 登录 以查看详情
边缘 登录 以查看详情
铸币厂 登录 以查看详情
铸造量 ND (500 BC - 200 BC) - Estimated
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