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Chalkous - Attalos II

Issuer Kingdom of Pergamon
Year 159 BC - 138 BC
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Reference(s) BMC Greek#78-80, GCV#7228
Obverse description Helmeted head of Athena facing right, rendered in the Hellenistic tradition characteristic of Pergamene coinage. The goddess wears a Corinthian helmet pushed back on her head, with visible crest and cheekpieces. The facial features are finely modeled despite the small module, conveying an authoritative profile. The flan is irregular and slightly off-center, as typical of hammered bronze issues of this period.
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Reverse description A coiled serpent, its body forming a tight spiral, with head raised and turned to the right, occupying the central field. The serpent is the sacred symbol of Asklepios and closely associated with Pergamon's religious and dynastic iconography. The Greek letter M (mu) appears in the left field, serving as a control mark or magistrate initial. The ethnic legend ΦΙΛΕΤΑΙΡΟΥ is inscribed around the field, referencing the dynastic founder Philetairos and affirming Attalid dynastic continuity.
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