Ceitil - João II Group 4 - Straight outside wall with battlements

The ceitil was effectively Portugal's small change during the Age of Exploration — a coin so low in value that it was struck in enormous quantities to supply both domestic commerce and the provisioning trade at Ceuta, the North African garrison from which the denomination almost certainly takes its name. João II came to the throne in 1481 after forcing the hand of a fractious nobility, and his reign was defined by aggressive Atlantic expansion and the systematic elimination of rival power centers at home. The monetary reforms he oversaw rationalized copper production to support that ambition.

Group 4 is distinguished by the straight outer wall with battlements, one of several die varieties Gomes uses to sequence the type chronologically within the reign.