Ceitil - Afonso V Group 5 - Columnar towers, Sea of continuous waves cutting the legend, Shield of 4th type or variants

The ceitil takes its name from Ceuta, the North African enclave seized by Portugal in 1415 — the coin was specifically valued at the cost of a day's ration in the garrison there. Afonso V's aggressive North African campaigning through the 1450s required a reliable low-denomination copper issue that could function across both mainland Portugal and the occupied presidios. Group 5 is distinguished in Magro's classification by the continuous wave pattern interrupting the legend, a die characteristic that helps separate a surprisingly tangled series where workshop variation was endemic and attribution has historically been contentious.