⅙ Budju - Abdel Kader

Abd al-Qadir struck this billon issue during the period of his second treaty with France — the Tafna agreement of 1837 had briefly granted him control over much of western and central Algeria, giving him both the political standing and practical need to issue coinage. The emirate's currency was always scarce in circulation; French military pressure never allowed the minting apparatus to function consistently, and output was perpetually disrupted by campaign logistics.

The Tafna arrangement collapsed in 1839 when French forces crossed the Iron Gates pass, reigniting full-scale war. Coins struck in the final months of this window are effectively documents of a state already dissolving.