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Brûlé of 4 sols - Gerard of Groesbeeck Name reverse

Issuer Prince-Bishopric of Liège
Year 1565-1566
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Currency Florin Brabant-Liege (1545-1650)
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Reverse description Central device consists of a pear-shaped heraldic shield bearing the arms of the Groesbeeck family, superimposed upon a long cross pattée whose arms extend to the coin's periphery, dividing the surrounding legend into four sections. The legend, rendered in Latin, records the name of the issuing prince-bishop. The bold cross and shield composition is typical of ecclesiastical coinage of the Southern Netherlands in the mid-sixteenth century, executed in the hammered technique on a roughly struck flan.
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Edge Plain.
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Additional information

Gerard of Groesbeeck, elected Prince-Bishop of Liège in 1564, struck these copper brûlés under emergency monetary conditions as small-denomination coinage had effectively collapsed in circulation. The "brûlé" designation refers not to a design feature but to a fiscal mechanism — these pieces were issued with the intent of eventual demonetization and withdrawal, a common administrative fiction that rarely played out as planned.

The two-year window of 1565–1566 for this type reflects the brief sanctioned period before the coinage authority was challenged by the chapter and surrounding territories objecting to the flood of low-grade copper.

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