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Brûlé - Arnold of Hornes
| Issuer | Liege, Prince-bishopric of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1378-1389 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Central field features a stylized episcopal figure or bust, likely representing the prince-bishop Arnold of Hornes, set within a beaded inner circle. The design is rendered in the crude, low-relief style typical of hammered billon coinage of the late 14th century. Below the central device appears a heraldic shield, probably bearing the arms of Hornes. The surrounding circular legend reads ARnOLD EPS LEOD, identifying the issuer as Arnold, Bishop of Liège. The flan is irregular and the strike is characteristic of medieval hammered production. |
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| Obverse lettering | ARnOLD EPS LEOD (Translation: Arnold, Bishop of Liege) |
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| Additional information |
Arnold of Hornes held the Prince-bishopric of Liège through one of its more turbulent stretches — his episcopate coincided with the broader crisis of the Western Schism, which fractured ecclesiastical authority across the Low Countries after 1378 and forced every church prince to declare allegiance to either Rome or Avignon. Arnold backed Urban VI. The brûlé itself is a base billon petty coin, its name derived from the French for "burned," a reference to the heavily debased alloy characteristic of small Liégeois fiduciary issues of the period.