Ashrafi - Ya'qub

Ya'qub ibn Uzun Hasan ruled the Aq Qoyunlu confederation at its territorial peak, controlling a swathe of territory from Anatolia through Persia to the Persian Gulf. His gold ashrafi coinage follows the Venetian ducat weight standard — a deliberate alignment with Mediterranean trade networks that reflected just how deeply the confederation was embedded in east-west commerce. Venetian ambassadors were a fixture at his court in Tabriz, and the monetary interoperability was no accident.

Ya'qub died in 1490, after which the dynasty fractured rapidly into civil war among competing sons.