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Ashrafi - Mahmud Hotaki Type B, Esfāhān mint
| Issuer | Hotak dynasty |
|---|---|
| Year | 1723-1724 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Hammered |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Hammered gold flan bearing the Shi'a kalima in two lines of bold Nasta'liq script, reading 'La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad rasul Allah' (There is no god but God, Muhammad is the Messenger of God), divided by a horizontal line across the field. The regnal year 1136 AH appears in the lower portion of the field. A beaded border encircles the reverse design, clearly visible in the upper and right portions of the flan. |
| Reverse script | Arabic |
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| Additional information |
Mahmud Hotaki seized Isfahan in 1722 after his Afghan forces besieged the Safavid capital for seven months, forcing Shah Sultan Husayn to abdicate in October of that year. The Hotak occupation of Isfahan was administratively chaotic and militarily brutal — Mahmud himself descended into paranoia and ordered mass killings of Safavid princes before his own commanders removed him from power in 1725. Gold coinage from this occupation window is consequently scarce; the mint was functioning under a regime that controlled the city for barely three years before Nader Shah's campaigns dismantled Hotaki authority entirely.