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As - Trajan COS III DES IIII P P S C, Mars

Issuer Roman Imperial Mint
Year 101
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Currency Denarius, Reform of Augustus (27 BC – AD 215)
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Obverse lettering IMP CAES NERVA TRAIAN AVG GERM P M TR P
(Translation: Imperator Caesar Nerva Traianus Augustus, Germanicus, Pontifex Maximus, Tribunicia Potestate. Supreme commander (Imperator), Caesar, Nerva Trajan, emperor (Augustus), conqueror of the Germans, high priest, holder of tribunician power.)
Reverse description The god Mars is depicted standing in full figure, facing right, clad in military attire including a crested helmet and cuirass. He leans upon a long spear held in his right hand, while his left arm supports a large round shield resting on the ground beside him. The composition conveys martial authority and is rendered in the classicizing style typical of Trajanic bronze coinage. The encircling legend, partially visible due to heavy surface wear and encrustation, references Trajan's consular and honorific titles along with the senatorial authorization S C in the field or exergue.
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Additional information

Trajan received his third consulate in 100 AD and was designated for a fourth — the COS III DES IIII titulature therefore dates this issue to a narrow window before he formally entered that fourth consulate in 101. The designation system places the coin precisely at the opening of his Dacian war preparations, the first campaign against Decebalus launching that same year.

RIC II 423 is a relatively scarce Philadelphia-free bronze, with surviving examples spread thinly across institutional collections.

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