As - Tiberius Countermarked ST

Historical Context: This As from Calagurris, issued during Tiberius’s reign (14-37 AD), illustrates the early Roman Empire’s monetary practices. Calagurris, a key *municipium* in Hispania Tarraconensis, produced local bronze coinage. The "ST" countermark, meaning *Signata Tiberii* ("stamped by Tiberius"), signifies imperial revalidation. Applied to existing issues, this endorsement standardized currency, asserted central authority, and ensured acceptability for military pay or taxation, highlighting Rome's administrative oversight.

Artistry: The original coin’s artistry reflects Roman provincial style, merging imperial iconography with local motifs. The obverse would feature a laureate bust of Emperor Tiberius, rendered in the mature, austere portraiture characteristic of his reign. The reverse likely depicted a civic emblem or local deity pertinent to Calagurris. The "ST" countermark, purely epigraphic, is a functional stamp, punched onto the flan, sometimes partially obscuring the underlying design, signifying its administrative purpose.

Technical/Grading: Struck in bronze (11.41g, 28mm), this As typically shows varied production qualities common to provincial mints. Key high-points for grading include Tiberius's features (nose, brow, ear) and reverse design clarity. The technical strike can range from sharp to irregular. Crucially, the legibility and depth of the "ST" countermark are paramount. A clear, fully impressed countermark, even if slightly off-center, enhances the coin's numismatic appeal and historical value.